Electric heater



E. E. GOLD.

ELECTRIC HEATER.

APPLICATION man 1AN.8.1920.

1,416,459, Patellted May 16, 1922- INVENTOR 'EDWARD Genn, or "NEW Yoan, N. Y.

ELECTRIC HEATER.

iaiaise.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dly 1922,y

Application tiled January 8, 19270. Serial No. 350,118.`

To all whom may concern.'

Be it known that l, EDWARD E. GOLD, a citizen of the United States of America, residing inthe borough ot Manhattan, city, county, and vState of New York, have invented certain new anduisetul Improvements in Electric Heaters, `ot which the tollowing is a specification.

This :invention relates to electric heaters, more especially of the type employed in pas-z sengei' vehicles, and dwellings, industrial and `oliice buildings, and the like, and aims to provide improvements therein.,

The present invention provides an electric` heater wherein the electrical heating element is protected -trom physicalinjury and short circuits, and also one in which the construction is `such that persons are protected. from being burned or shoclred by the electrical heating element.

The invention further provides an electric heater wherein the sensation ot Warmth derived tliere'trom by persons in its vicinity is `greater than in the ordinary `electric heater where the heating element is exposed to the air, and consequently providesan electric heater which desirably serves the pur- `pose ot a heater tor passenger vehicles kor dwellings.

Theinvention `further provices an electric heater in which the lite of the electrical heating element is prolonged, by reason ot its mechanical protection.

. An embodiment of the invention isvillustrated in the accompanying drawings.

ln said drawings- Figure l .is a longitudinal sectional view oi" said embodiment ot the invention;

Fig. 2 is across section on the line Il--Il in Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a cross section online IIL-IH, Figi; i

Fig. 4l is a longitudinal sectional view on the line Ill-IV, Fig.

Figs. 5 and 6 are views showing other styles of heating units which may be used.

In said drawings, numeral l designates an electric heater` or heating unit of' any suitable type, shown as `composed of a porcelain or other suitable support 2 having a heating element shown as a coiled Wire, or wires 3 thereon of suitably high resistance. In Figs. 2 and 3 the Wire 3 is in the yform of a spira-l of helically Wound Wire,y While in the Figs. 5 and 6 this Wire 3 is in the form of a plain spiral. This plain spiral 'form has the `advantage that in case ot a break, the spirals hold their position on the support.

rlhe resistance element 3 is connected to a' source of' electricity in any suitable manner, a yiunction box 5 of the kind set torth in my U. S. Patent No. 850,924, being preierably employed. In this box splices in the line wire may be made When the ends ot such wire become shortened bybrealring oil?r ot pieces thereof, or lead wires maybe interposed between the line Wire and the sistance element. i

`Surrounding the electrical heating unit l there isl a mass of electrical insulating, heat `conducting material l0. This mass ot ma torial 10is preferably ofmica in flaky con-- dition, or a mixture of mica in flaky condition and sand` in granular condition. `0r sand alone may be used, ora mixture of sand and clay, or oil may be used.

Around the electrical heating` unit l, and heat conducting, insulating material 10 there is preferably-employed a casing l5. This casing Where the material 10 is in divided form is imperforate, orat least closed to the extent ot preventing the divided material from rpassing therethrough andserves as an n envelope t'or said mass oit material l). The

casing l5 is most conveniently a tube oit" common metal pipe. rlhe casing l5 is pref` erably closed at one end by a plug `6, `and at its `opposite end b v a threaded cap 16,

`but the casing may be provided at both ends with a plug and may also bev provided at both ends with a junction box. The surface area ot the heater' in contalc with the fair is increasedin any suitable makes contact ivith the air may, however be increased in any other suitable manner, as by corrugations, fins, projections, Washers or the like or mayv even be plain if so desired. y

The end of the electrical heating unit'l, opposite the junction box 5 is preferably provided with a dislr support 25; this disk support is conveniently provided With reccsses or openings 2G through which the inaterial l0. 'when in divided condition, may he passed to lill the easing;l l5. lllhere the heating' eleineiit is oit considerable length one er more intermediate supports 2S may he provided. These supports preferably have Wide openings or spaces 29 therein through Which the material l0, when in divided condition? may readily pass.

rllhe plug` (i is prelierahlj/v provided With a shouider 30 adapted to hear against one end et the casing' 1 3, and the disk is preteraelv provided with a shoulder Si adapted to hear against the other end ot the casing. A rod 33 passes through the plus;1 69 Clisi( and interniediate insulating; support 2c and nuts eiij,g,a;jin threads on the enne et the rods, or efpiivalent nieans serve to dranv the plug (3 and dish together drawing the shoulders Si) and 3l against the ends ot the casingv and theii'ehy holdiiigr the heatii'ig;` unit together Vin place within the casing. l'ly looseningthe nuts on the end of the red 33,

the plug G, disk 25 and parts carried on the roth may he readily,7 removed. This ready removal of the parts permits ot the eas;v replacement of the insulating;` su pport, or part-s thereof, er olf the heatingelement or .vire, in case of a break.

Theory of' o/1eration-Because of its relatively Igreat eleetrii'fal resistance the electrical heating` element -l when traversed hy an electric current, causes electric energ)Y to he converted into heat. it surrounded hy the heat conducting;` electrical insulating` material 10i this heat is rapidly conducted avfayv from the heating` element. rllhe conductingw material 10 inajn even conduct the heat from the heating); element more rap-idly than the heat is conducted 'from an electrical resistance heater exposed directlj7 te air.

The material l0, having` mass, and this is more specially true in the case oli the ensemble consisting ot the mass 10 and the casino l5? the tempera-ture at the surlace ot the mass or easing` 15 in contattv with the air is considerably less than that ol,Z the electrical heating element or wire.

Furthermore., the surface Ain contact with the air, in the present heater, is much greater than would he theease were the considerable.

:release heatingv element or wire in direct contact with the air. The quantit7 ot air coming); into Contact with the present heater there- 'lore `greater than would he the case were the electrical heatingelement or Wire exposed directly to the air, and tliereflore with the present heater there is a relatif'el)T great volume et heated air arising* lrein the heater, hut ot relativelyv lonV or mild teniperatnre. The eliect upon persons in the vicinity ot the heater is therefore very agreeable, and conveys to them a. satisfyingI` sensation et' Warmth. f

llhneovcr.3 inasmuch as the parts ol the heater arrainst .vhich the air co'ines in contact, are et relatively loiv teinperature7 the air does not acquire what may he termed a burned coiuliticn, and is hence more sanitariy and agreeable for lfncathing.;I pur poses.

The inventive ideas herein set llorth may receive other mechanical embodiments than those herein speeilically illustrated and described.

l. Jin electrical heater, comprising' an insulating suiliport, a resistance Wire thereon, a tnhula casing, a filler ol electrical insiilat ine.' heat-conducting material, parts at the end ot said casing lor supporting said insulating' support? and a rod passing` through said insidating` snpport and end parts and having' means thereon lor drawing said parts together.

2, in electrical heater, comprising an insulatine` support, a resistance wire thereon, a tnhular easing1 a liller et electrical insalating heat-conclucting material, parts at the end of said casing' Afor supportimr said insulating' support, and a rodpassine' through said insulating' support and end parts and hzrringl means thereon lor dra wine` said parts together, said end parts having shoulders adapted to ahnt against the end oil' said casing.

ln witness whereof', I have hereunto signed my naine.

lllitnessr:

J lloLLis. 

